ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is a commonly seen major health problem. It is a high-risk condition as it causes adverse effects on the mother as well as on the fetus during pregnancy. Pregnant women are most vulnerable group to anemia. Aim and Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors contributing to anemia. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study done on pregnant patients during 3 months of period in tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad. All the data including demographic factors such as age, education, socioeconomic status, parity, birth spacing, and investigative data were derived from case files. Results: Among 380 patients studied, 262 (68.9%) patients were anemic. In present study, anemia was most prevalent in age group of 23–30 years. One hundred and seventy-five (66.6%) patients belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Out of 262 patients, 150 patients (57.2%) were either illiterate or had primary education. About 54.2% of patients were multigravida. Out of 151 patients having birth spacing <2 years, 52.7% were having mild anemia and 12.5% were having severe anemia. One hundred and sixty-six cases (63.3%) were presented in second and third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of anemia in pregnant females. Multiple factors such as socioeconomic status, literacy rate, birth interval, awareness to problem, and gravida contribute to its occurrence.
ABSTRACT
Background:The aim of our study was to explore the demographics, surgical outcomes and performance of diagnostic imaging modalities namely Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for predicting abnormal placental invasion spectrum in females with history of past caesarian sections.Materials & Methods:We conducted a prospective study from February 2017 till December 2019 at a tertiary referral public hospital in western India. During this time-period we had 26 females satisfying our study criteria. They were subjected to imaging diagnostics to confirm abnormal placental invasiondisorder in their present pregnancy. The imaging findings were compared with the final findings at the time of delivery and pathological examinations of placental specimens.Results:More than two thirds of our study patients were young and belonged to the age group of twenties (mean age 29.5 +/-4.64). Half of them were 3rdgravidas and 77 % (> 3/4 th) of them were diagnosed in their second trimester of pregnancy. Majority of them had history of single past caesarian delivery and the commonest indication for performing it was placenta praevia. Both Ultrasound and MRI were found to be fairly accurate in diagnosing abnormal placental invasion with good sensitivities. Overall, in our series MRI scored an upperhand as a diagnostic imaging modality in posteriorly implanted placentas and cases with ambiguous USG findings.Conclusion:Both diagnostic imaging modalities USG and MRI can predict abnormal placental invasion spectrum with high sensitivity in the antenatal period. These imaging modalities can have a complimentary role, although MRI was found to be superior over USG in our case series with inconclusive findings.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate screening methodologies, to detect Staphylococcus aureus strains with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. Three methods were used to screen 160 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates along with ATCC quality control strains. Subsequently, MIC of all these 160 strains were determined by NCCLS methodology. The MIC of all the 160 clinical isolates was < or = 4 microg/mL and were classified as vancomycin susceptible by NCCLS criteria but 23 strains were positive by Hiramatshu method, two grew on MHA (5 microg/mL vancomycin) while CDC method correctly identified no vancomycin intermediate S.aureus (VISA) or vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA) strains with reference to there MIC. CDC method was found to be the most appropriate screening methodology for detection of VISA or VRSA for diagnostic laboratories.